Data Exploration

## Rows: 4,480
## Columns: 5
## $ INDICATOR <chr> "MEATCONSUMP", "MEATCONSUMP", "MEATCONSUMP", "MEATCONSUMP",…
## $ SUBJECT   <chr> "BEEF", "BEEF", "BEEF", "BEEF", "BEEF", "BEEF", "BEEF", "BE…
## $ TIME      <dbl> 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,…
## $ value_lb  <dbl> 0.00, 61.60, 58.22, 58.14, 56.57, 56.28, 60.52, 63.93, 59.0…
## $ country   <chr> "Australia", "Australia", "Australia", "Australia", "Austra…

Plot 1

Plot 2

Plot 3

## Rows: 6,468
## Columns: 4
## $ Entity    <chr> "Afghanistan", "Afghanistan", "Afghanistan", "Afghanistan",…
## $ Code      <chr> "AFG", "AFG", "AFG", "AFG", "AFG", "AFG", "AFG", "AFG", "AF…
## $ Year      <dbl> 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,…
## $ deathrate <dbl> 747.1105, 746.5671, 749.0690, 755.9224, 766.0657, 768.5552,…

Plot 4

Plot 5

Model 1

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = combined_data)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -221.35  -99.41  -26.08   45.75  462.49 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 301.09744    3.22204   93.45   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -1.30194    0.09762  -13.34   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 140.7 on 3582 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.0473, Adjusted R-squared:  0.04704 
## F-statistic: 177.9 on 1 and 3582 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Plot 6

Plot 7

Plot 6 Redo

Model 2 - Split into 2 percentages

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -145.75  -98.79  -57.26   70.75  343.09 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 382.5737     4.0800  93.769   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -0.2898     0.1627  -1.781   0.0751 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 131.7 on 1790 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.001768,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.001211 
## F-statistic: 3.171 on 1 and 1790 DF,  p-value: 0.07513
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -88.694 -34.610   3.392  34.350  72.617 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 168.09117    1.41673 118.647   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -0.08096    0.03596  -2.251   0.0245 *  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 40.66 on 1786 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.00283,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.002272 
## F-statistic: 5.069 on 1 and 1786 DF,  p-value: 0.02448
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb + SUBJECT, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -88.655 -34.613   2.956  34.099  74.501 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    169.76384    2.39959  70.747   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb        -0.12505    0.04469  -2.798   0.0052 ** 
## SUBJECTPIG      -0.61949    2.72867  -0.227   0.8204    
## SUBJECTPOULTRY   2.30281    2.84150   0.810   0.4178    
## SUBJECTSHEEP    -3.27203    2.96047  -1.105   0.2692    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 40.66 on 1783 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.004371,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.002137 
## F-statistic: 1.957 on 4 and 1783 DF,  p-value: 0.0986

Plot 7 Redo

Model 3 - Split into 4 percentages

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -374.32 -105.57  -13.78   96.15  264.43 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 448.2622     5.2853   84.81  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb      2.1595     0.2673    8.08 2.09e-15 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 115.7 on 894 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.06806,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.06702 
## F-statistic: 65.29 on 1 and 894 DF,  p-value: 2.086e-15
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -46.008 -17.335   0.244  18.520  53.985 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 282.82704    1.01565 278.469  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -0.23548    0.03451  -6.823 1.65e-11 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 23.25 on 894 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.04949,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.04843 
## F-statistic: 46.55 on 1 and 894 DF,  p-value: 1.647e-11
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -51.372 -20.098  -0.423  20.444  38.625 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 129.81025    1.14763  113.11   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb      0.02502    0.02750    0.91    0.363    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 22.75 on 890 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.0009293,  Adjusted R-squared:  -0.0001933 
## F-statistic: 0.8278 on 1 and 890 DF,  p-value: 0.3631
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -32.405 -16.086  -0.942  15.033  36.448 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 199.74781    0.88239 226.371   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb      0.03754    0.02390   1.571    0.117    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 18.27 on 894 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.002753,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.001638 
## F-statistic: 2.468 on 1 and 894 DF,  p-value: 0.1165

R squared values from Model 2:

## # A tibble: 1 x 4
##     high `high-medium`      low `low-medium`
##    <dbl>         <dbl>    <dbl>        <dbl>
## 1 0.0681        0.0495 0.000929      0.00275

Model 4

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb + SUBJECT, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -401.70 -107.32  -12.14   98.98  247.16 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    432.1566     9.2703  46.617  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb         2.5145     0.2871   8.757  < 2e-16 ***
## SUBJECTPIG      13.6762    10.9988   1.243  0.21404    
## SUBJECTPOULTRY  -1.1322    10.8881  -0.104  0.91720    
## SUBJECTSHEEP    32.7304    11.5110   2.843  0.00457 ** 
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 115.2 on 891 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.07925,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.07512 
## F-statistic: 19.17 on 4 and 891 DF,  p-value: 3.846e-15
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb + SUBJECT, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##    Min     1Q Median     3Q    Max 
## -46.42 -17.81  -0.42  18.45  55.85 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)    284.33361    1.75622 161.901  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb        -0.26512    0.03656  -7.251 8.98e-13 ***
## SUBJECTPIG      -0.37597    2.19441  -0.171   0.8640    
## SUBJECTPOULTRY   0.90278    2.19733   0.411   0.6813    
## SUBJECTSHEEP    -4.30571    2.27275  -1.894   0.0585 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 23.22 on 891 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.05572,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.05148 
## F-statistic: 13.14 on 4 and 891 DF,  p-value: 2.087e-10

Model 5

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = combined_data1)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -221.58  -99.44  -26.12   45.63  462.29 
## 
## Coefficients:
##              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 301.33661    3.22174   93.53   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -1.30293    0.09759  -13.35   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 140.7 on 3578 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.04745,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.04718 
## F-statistic: 178.2 on 1 and 3578 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Model 6 - Split by type of meat (Beef, Pig, Poultry, Sheep)

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -204.61 -102.42  -25.31   40.92  453.26 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 297.5667     7.3465  40.505  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -0.9795     0.2136  -4.586 5.17e-06 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 142.6 on 893 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.02301,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.02191 
## F-statistic: 21.03 on 1 and 893 DF,  p-value: 5.168e-06
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -215.44  -98.31  -31.48   53.27  454.03 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 314.5354     7.0927  44.346  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -1.9380     0.2433  -7.967 4.94e-15 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 139.4 on 893 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.06636,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.06532 
## F-statistic: 63.47 on 1 and 893 DF,  p-value: 4.938e-15
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -201.04  -89.15  -27.30   40.09  435.75 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 346.7816     6.9016   50.25   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -2.0599     0.1471  -14.00   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 130.6 on 893 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1801, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1792 
## F-statistic: 196.1 on 1 and 893 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -193.21 -102.62  -35.15   50.36  444.25 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 272.6206     5.6404  48.333   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -0.1195     0.5060  -0.236    0.813    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 144.3 on 893 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  6.247e-05,  Adjusted R-squared:  -0.001057 
## F-statistic: 0.05579 on 1 and 893 DF,  p-value: 0.8133

Model 7 - Variables: meat value per pound & country

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb + country, data = combined_data1)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -168.751  -31.364   -3.701   29.060  122.822 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                         Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)            253.62456    4.56318  55.581  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb                -0.22063    0.03803  -5.802 7.13e-09 ***
## countryAustralia       -78.91967    6.05109 -13.042  < 2e-16 ***
## countryBrazil           -6.83437    6.05302  -1.129  0.25894    
## countryCanada          -91.73913    6.04771 -15.169  < 2e-16 ***
## countryChile           -76.36536    6.06354 -12.594  < 2e-16 ***
## countryChina            41.18282    6.10022   6.751 1.71e-11 ***
## countryColombia        -61.06501    6.11427  -9.987  < 2e-16 ***
## countryEgypt           295.60460    6.17212  47.894  < 2e-16 ***
## countryEthiopia         33.88984    6.23227   5.438 5.76e-08 ***
## countryIndia            35.90502    6.23700   5.757 9.30e-09 ***
## countryIndonesia        85.93903    6.21242  13.833  < 2e-16 ***
## countryIran             70.20243    6.14302  11.428  < 2e-16 ***
## countryIsrael          -78.79616    6.04724 -13.030  < 2e-16 ***
## countryJapan          -132.50570    6.16399 -21.497  < 2e-16 ***
## countryKazakhstan      337.46358    6.09759  55.344  < 2e-16 ***
## countryMexico          -82.66179    6.08997 -13.573  < 2e-16 ***
## countryNew Zealand     -52.64711    6.04754  -8.706  < 2e-16 ***
## countryNigeria         -36.45828    6.22250  -5.859 5.08e-09 ***
## countryNorway          -61.91149    6.07471 -10.192  < 2e-16 ***
## countryPakistan        181.15765    6.19836  29.227  < 2e-16 ***
## countryParaguay        -17.52419    6.08099  -2.882  0.00398 ** 
## countryPeru           -119.54058    6.11981 -19.533  < 2e-16 ***
## countryPhilippines     100.97308    6.14715  16.426  < 2e-16 ***
## countryRussia          347.06619    6.08618  57.025  < 2e-16 ***
## countrySouth Africa     11.78248    6.09662   1.933  0.05336 .  
## countrySwitzerland     -92.80526    6.06148 -15.311  < 2e-16 ***
## countryThailand        -86.65175    6.15419 -14.080  < 2e-16 ***
## countryTurkey          -16.11479    6.15448  -2.618  0.00887 ** 
## countryUkraine         354.72083    6.11609  57.998  < 2e-16 ***
## countryUnited Kingdom  -52.24032    6.05963  -8.621  < 2e-16 ***
## countryUnited States   -46.55132    6.06122  -7.680 2.04e-14 ***
## countryVietnam          34.98040    6.12522   5.711 1.22e-08 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 45.25 on 3547 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.9023, Adjusted R-squared:  0.9014 
## F-statistic:  1024 on 32 and 3547 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Model 8 - Variables: meat value per pound & country & subject

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb + country + SUBJECT, data = combined_data1)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -165.959  -30.992   -3.496   28.516  121.806 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                         Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)            258.85292    4.92290  52.581  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb                -0.31804    0.04558  -6.978 3.57e-12 ***
## countryAustralia       -78.35709    6.04271 -12.967  < 2e-16 ***
## countryBrazil           -7.51938    6.04548  -1.244  0.21365    
## countryCanada          -91.95878    6.03785 -15.230  < 2e-16 ***
## countryChile           -77.50831    6.06062 -12.789  < 2e-16 ***
## countryChina            39.12506    6.11327   6.400 1.76e-10 ***
## countryColombia        -63.38024    6.13340 -10.334  < 2e-16 ***
## countryEgypt           292.43837    6.21609  47.045  < 2e-16 ***
## countryEthiopia         30.02691    6.30173   4.765 1.97e-06 ***
## countryIndia            31.99240    6.30844   5.071 4.15e-07 ***
## countryIndonesia        82.29205    6.27350  13.117  < 2e-16 ***
## countryIran             67.43243    6.17453  10.921  < 2e-16 ***
## countryIsrael          -78.89713    6.03716 -13.069  < 2e-16 ***
## countryJapan          -134.72447    6.18043 -21.799  < 2e-16 ***
## countryKazakhstan      335.45776    6.10949  54.908  < 2e-16 ***
## countryMexico          -84.50960    6.09857 -13.857  < 2e-16 ***
## countryNew Zealand     -52.46100    6.03761  -8.689  < 2e-16 ***
## countryNigeria         -40.21634    6.28784  -6.396 1.80e-10 ***
## countryNorway          -63.39349    6.07667 -10.432  < 2e-16 ***
## countryPakistan        177.67117    6.25349  28.412  < 2e-16 ***
## countryParaguay        -19.16643    6.08568  -3.149  0.00165 ** 
## countryPeru           -121.95006    6.14134 -19.857  < 2e-16 ***
## countryPhilippines      98.14346    6.18045  15.880  < 2e-16 ***
## countryRussia          345.30225    6.09313  56.671  < 2e-16 ***
## countrySouth Africa      9.79606    6.10810   1.604  0.10885    
## countrySwitzerland     -93.87408    6.05765 -15.497  < 2e-16 ***
## countryThailand        -89.57996    6.19049 -14.471  < 2e-16 ***
## countryTurkey          -19.04702    6.19091  -3.077  0.00211 ** 
## countryUkraine         352.37422    6.13601  57.427  < 2e-16 ***
## countryUnited Kingdom  -53.23776    6.05499  -8.792  < 2e-16 ***
## countryUnited States   -45.49246    6.05727  -7.510 7.42e-14 ***
## countryVietnam          32.48245    6.14907   5.282 1.35e-07 ***
## SUBJECTPIG              -1.33274    2.14411  -0.622  0.53426    
## SUBJECTPOULTRY           3.23211    2.18524   1.479  0.13921    
## SUBJECTSHEEP            -6.48524    2.32907  -2.784  0.00539 ** 
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 45.18 on 3544 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.9027, Adjusted R-squared:  0.9017 
## F-statistic: 939.3 on 35 and 3544 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Model 9 - Variables: meat value per pound & country & subject & year

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb + country + SUBJECT + Year, 
##     data = combined_data1)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -174.067  -13.721   -2.071   16.260  119.195 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                         Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)            8.355e+03  1.320e+02  63.290  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb              -6.034e-03  3.215e-02  -0.188 0.851125    
## countryAustralia      -8.016e+01  4.208e+00 -19.047  < 2e-16 ***
## countryBrazil         -5.325e+00  4.210e+00  -1.265 0.206026    
## countryCanada         -9.126e+01  4.205e+00 -21.701  < 2e-16 ***
## countryChile          -7.385e+01  4.221e+00 -17.494  < 2e-16 ***
## countryChina           4.572e+01  4.259e+00  10.734  < 2e-16 ***
## countryColombia       -5.596e+01  4.273e+00 -13.097  < 2e-16 ***
## countryEgypt           3.026e+02  4.332e+00  69.843  < 2e-16 ***
## countryEthiopia        4.240e+01  4.393e+00   9.651  < 2e-16 ***
## countryIndia           4.452e+01  4.398e+00  10.123  < 2e-16 ***
## countryIndonesia       9.397e+01  4.373e+00  21.488  < 2e-16 ***
## countryIran            7.630e+01  4.303e+00  17.734  < 2e-16 ***
## countryIsrael         -7.857e+01  4.205e+00 -18.688  < 2e-16 ***
## countryJapan          -1.295e+02  4.305e+00 -30.078  < 2e-16 ***
## countryKazakhstan      3.419e+02  4.256e+00  80.326  < 2e-16 ***
## countryMexico         -7.859e+01  4.248e+00 -18.499  < 2e-16 ***
## countryNew Zealand    -5.306e+01  4.205e+00 -12.618  < 2e-16 ***
## countryNigeria        -2.818e+01  4.383e+00  -6.429 1.46e-10 ***
## countryNorway         -5.865e+01  4.233e+00 -13.856  < 2e-16 ***
## countryPakistan        1.888e+02  4.359e+00  43.321  < 2e-16 ***
## countryParaguay       -1.391e+01  4.239e+00  -3.280 0.001046 ** 
## countryPeru           -1.142e+02  4.279e+00 -26.697  < 2e-16 ***
## countryPhilippines     1.072e+02  4.307e+00  24.892  < 2e-16 ***
## countryRussia          3.510e+02  4.245e+00  82.684  < 2e-16 ***
## countrySouth Africa    1.616e+01  4.255e+00   3.797 0.000149 ***
## countrySwitzerland    -9.045e+01  4.219e+00 -21.438  < 2e-16 ***
## countryThailand       -8.020e+01  4.314e+00 -18.591  < 2e-16 ***
## countryTurkey         -9.656e+00  4.314e+00  -2.238 0.025281 *  
## countryUkraine         3.599e+02  4.275e+00  84.182  < 2e-16 ***
## countryUnited Kingdom -5.004e+01  4.217e+00 -11.866  < 2e-16 ***
## countryUnited States  -4.888e+01  4.219e+00 -11.587  < 2e-16 ***
## countryVietnam         4.048e+01  4.284e+00   9.449  < 2e-16 ***
## SUBJECTPIG            -2.529e-02  1.493e+00  -0.017 0.986492    
## SUBJECTPOULTRY         6.132e-02  1.523e+00   0.040 0.967880    
## SUBJECTSHEEP          -1.230e-01  1.625e+00  -0.076 0.939661    
## Year                  -4.048e+00  6.598e-02 -61.350  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 31.46 on 3543 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.9528, Adjusted R-squared:  0.9523 
## F-statistic:  1987 on 36 and 3543 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Plot 8

Model 10

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -227.30 -102.43  -35.67   49.95  454.28 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)  336.983      6.289   53.58   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb      -2.002      0.141  -14.20   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 145.2 on 1916 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.09516,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.09469 
## F-statistic: 201.5 on 1 and 1916 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -243.35  -93.10  -18.35   50.63  445.45 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 263.3677     5.0568  52.082  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb      4.2796     0.8063   5.307 1.26e-07 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 131.7 on 1663 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.01666,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.01607 
## F-statistic: 28.17 on 1 and 1663 DF,  p-value: 1.261e-07

Plot 9

Model 11 (high, high-medium, low, low-medium)

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -186.06  -80.37  -20.55   46.78  455.40 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)  330.946      7.671   43.14   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb      -1.877      0.136  -13.80   <2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 116 on 1019 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1575, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1567 
## F-statistic: 190.5 on 1 and 1019 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -256.77 -123.33  -57.96   63.95  463.12 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 414.5378    25.0485  16.549  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -5.1753     0.9957  -5.198  2.5e-07 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 171.7 on 895 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.0293, Adjusted R-squared:  0.02821 
## F-statistic: 27.01 on 1 and 895 DF,  p-value: 2.502e-07
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -206.32  -92.62  -20.17   47.87  446.34 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)  288.594      8.925  32.336   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb      -9.992      5.240  -1.907   0.0569 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 134.4 on 768 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.004712,   Adjusted R-squared:  0.003416 
## F-statistic: 3.636 on 1 and 768 DF,  p-value: 0.05692
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -260.34  -89.89  -12.55   56.41  447.58 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)  232.472     11.064  21.011  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb       7.732      1.316   5.875 5.96e-09 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 128.3 on 893 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.03721,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.03613 
## F-statistic: 34.52 on 1 and 893 DF,  p-value: 5.964e-09

Plot 10

Model 12

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = perc_combined_test2)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -181.189  -65.125   -5.169   49.131  305.830 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 277.9238     5.7782  48.099  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -1.1853     0.1794  -6.606  1.1e-10 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 90.9 on 458 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.087,  Adjusted R-squared:  0.08501 
## F-statistic: 43.65 on 1 and 458 DF,  p-value: 1.095e-10

Model 13

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -83.082 -27.974  -5.135  31.011  92.856 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 175.0484     7.2248  24.229   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb      0.1302     0.1633   0.797    0.427    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 44.33 on 114 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.005542,   Adjusted R-squared:  -0.003181 
## F-statistic: 0.6353 on 1 and 114 DF,  p-value: 0.4271
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -97.787 -48.713  -1.584  49.631 107.538 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 243.2467     7.8070  31.157   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -0.2131     0.1983  -1.075    0.285    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 57.39 on 114 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.01003,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.001345 
## F-statistic: 1.155 on 1 and 114 DF,  p-value: 0.2848
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -119.114  -32.194   -4.142   22.042  135.086 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 315.3780     7.1309  44.227   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb      0.0832     0.5855   0.142    0.887    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 62.12 on 110 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.0001835,  Adjusted R-squared:  -0.008906 
## F-statistic: 0.02019 on 1 and 110 DF,  p-value: 0.8873
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -187.27  -89.04  -32.27   52.64  288.82 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 297.0315    16.7322  17.752   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -1.3174     0.7771  -1.695   0.0928 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 129.3 on 114 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.02459,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.01603 
## F-statistic: 2.874 on 1 and 114 DF,  p-value: 0.09276

Model 14 (Beef, Pig, Poultry, Sheep)

## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -168.84  -67.72   -4.04   45.43  300.84 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 279.1248    12.8838  21.665   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -1.0107     0.3562  -2.837   0.0054 ** 
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 92.53 on 113 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.0665, Adjusted R-squared:  0.05824 
## F-statistic:  8.05 on 1 and 113 DF,  p-value: 0.005396
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -175.575  -62.590   -9.487   50.685  268.590 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 296.5439    12.1035  24.501  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -2.1093     0.4259  -4.953 2.59e-06 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 86.81 on 113 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.1784, Adjusted R-squared:  0.1711 
## F-statistic: 24.53 on 1 and 113 DF,  p-value: 2.586e-06
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -161.347  -56.743   -6.648   51.371  285.332 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 305.0184    12.2700  24.859  < 2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -1.6009     0.2837  -5.643 1.25e-07 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 84.58 on 113 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.2199, Adjusted R-squared:  0.213 
## F-statistic: 31.85 on 1 and 113 DF,  p-value: 1.255e-07
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = deathrate ~ value_lb, data = .)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -158.51  -66.92  -12.83   50.15  311.34 
## 
## Coefficients:
##             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept) 254.8214    10.3347  24.657   <2e-16 ***
## value_lb     -0.4415     0.8109  -0.544    0.587    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 95.64 on 113 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.002617,   Adjusted R-squared:  -0.00621 
## F-statistic: 0.2964 on 1 and 113 DF,  p-value: 0.5872